Introduction

Pippa Norris 'Elections and Voting Behaviour: New Challenges, New Perspectives'

The Partisan Identities of Voters

Hermann Schmitt 'On Party Attachment in Western Europe and the Utility of Eurobarometer Data' West European Politics 1989 12: 122-139.

Bradley M. Richardson 'European Party Loyalties Revisited' American Political Science Review September 1991 85 (3): 751-775.

Matthew Wyman, Stephen White, Bill Miller and Paul Heywood 'The Place of 'Party' in Post-Communist Europe' Party Politics 1995 1(4): 535-548.

Social Cleavages, New Politics, and Value Change

Mark N. Franklin and Thomas T. Mackie Electoral Change in Western Countries: Consequences of Post-Industrial Social Change Strathclyde Papers on Government and Politics No. 62 1989.

David DeVaus and Ian McAllister 'The Changing Politics of Women: Gender, and Political Alignment in Western Democracies' European Journal of Political Research 1989 17: 241-62.

Ronald Inglehart and Paul R. Abramson 'Economic Security and Value Change' American Political Science Review 1994 88: 336-54.

Robert Rohrschneider 'New Party versus Old Left Realignments: Environmental Attitudes, Party Policies, and Partisan Affiliations in Four West European Countries' The Journal of Politics August 1993 55(3): 682-701.

Economic Voting

Michael Lewis-Beck 'Comparative Economic Voting: Britain, France, Germany, Italy' American Journal of Political Science 1986 30: 315-46.

G. Bingham Powell, Jr. and Guy D. Whitten 'A Cross-National Analysis of Economic Voting: Taking Account of the Political Context' American Journal of Political Science May 1993 37(2): 391-414.

Alexander Pacek and Benjamin Radcliff 'The Political Economy of Competitive Elections in the Developing World' American Journal of Political Science August 1995 39(3): 745-759.

The Institutional Context of Electoral Systems

Arend Lijphart 'The Political Consequences of Electoral Laws, 1945-85' American Political Science Review June 1990 84(2): 481-497.

Cees van der Eijk, Mark Franklin and Michael Marsh 'What Voters Teach Us About Europe-Wide Elections: What Europe-Wide Elections Teach us About Voters' Electoral Studies 1996 Vol 15(2) pp149-166.

Campaign Communications

Holli Semetko 'Political Balance on Television: Campaigns in the United States, Britain and Germany' The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics Winter 1996 1(1): 51-71.

Peter Esaiasson '120 Years of Swedish Election Campaigns' Scandinavian Political Studies 14(3): 261-278.

Political Participation

Robert Jackman and R.A. Miller 'Voter Turnout in the Industrial Democracies During the 1980s' Comparative Political Studies 1995 27: 147-66

Henry E. Brady, Sidney Verba and Kay Lehman Schlozman 'Beyond SES: A Resource Model of Political Participation' American Political Science Review June 1995 Vol 89(2): 271-294.

Robert D. Putnam 'Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social Capital' Journal of Democracy Jan 1995 6(1): 65-78.

Political Representation

Russell J. Dalton 'Political Parties and Political Representation' Comparative Political Studies October 1985 17: 267-299.

Sören Holmberg 'Political Representation in Sweden' Scandinavian Political Studies 1989 12(1): 1-35.

Christopher Wlezien 'The Public as Thermostat: Dynamics of Preferences for Spending' American Journal of Political Science November 1995 39(4): 981-1000.

Pippa Norris 'May's Law of Curvilinear Disparity Revisited: Leaders, Officers, Members and Voters in British Political Parties' Party Politics 1995 1(1): 29-47.

Elections and Democratization

Seymour Martin Lipset 'The Social Requisites of Democracy Revisited' American Sociological Review February 1994 59: 1-22.

Geoffrey Evans and Stephen Whitefield 'The Politics and Economics of Democratic Commitment: Support for Democracy in Transition Societies' British Journal of Political Science October 1995 25 (4): 485-514.