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Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government

 Learning to Manage Global Environmental Risks

Volume 2:  A Functional Analysis of Social Responses to Climate Change, Ozone Depletion, and Acid Rain

The Social Learning Group
The MIT Press, 2001

Part III: Studies of Management Functions

Chapter 18
Goal and Strategy Formulation in the Management of
Global Environmental Risks

Marc A. Levy, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, and William C. Clark with Gerda Dinkelman, Elena Nikitina, Ruud Pleune, and Heather Smith

18.1 Introduction
18.1.1 Definitions
18.1.2 Expectations
18.1.3 What makes a good goal or strategy?
18.1.4 Analytic Approach
18.2 Findings: Ozone Depletion
18.2.1 The Big Picture
18.2.2 A Specific Example: Banning CFCs in Spray Cans
18.3 Findings: Acid Rain
18.3.1 The Big Picture
18.3.2 A Specific Example: Critical Loads
18.4 Findings: Climate Change
18.4.1 The Big Picture
18.4.2  A Specific Example: The Toronto Goal
18.5  Emergent Patterns and Possible Explanations
18.5.1 Overall Patterns
18.5.2 Dynamics: From Generic Capacity Building to Direct Management of Emissions
18.5.3 Why do goals targeted on emission reductions dominate?
18.5.4 Why so much convergence?
18.6 Towards a More Effective Evolution of Goals and Strategies
18.6.1 Trade-offs between Simple and Complex Goals
18.6.2 Managing the Dynamics of Goals in Risk Management
18.6.3 Rules of Thumb for Steering the Goal Setting Process Effectively
18.6.4 Caveats and Future Directions
Appendix 18A Acronyms
Notes
References
Table 18.1 A taxonomy of goals and strategies
Box 18.1 Classification of goals and strategies
Box 18.2 Local responses to global goals

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