Anthropic at War

This Harvard Business School case examines the conflict between Anthropic and the U.S. Department of Defense over military uses of Anthropic’s Claude AI model. In February 2026, the U.S. government designated Anthropic a supply-chain risk after the company refused to authorize military use of Claude for “all lawful purposes,” citing concerns about autonomous weapons and mass surveillance. The case explores broader questions surrounding frontier AI governance, corporate responsibility, national security, and the appropriate balance between private-sector control and government regulation of advanced AI technologies.