Artificial intelligence in medicine: A primer and recommendation

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of computer science that focuses on creating intelligent systems, which can reason, learn, and act autonomously, exhibiting “human?like” thinking and behavior. Machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and large language models (LLMs) are all subsets of the rapidly evolving field of AI, and are poised to change healthcare. In this paper, we explain these terms and provide examples where such approaches are already being applied for improving prediction, precision, or quality in healthcare delivery. We then make the case for integrating AI training across the medical curricula, with specialty (fellowship) training available to clinicians, to avoid the pitfalls of a previous technological innovation, the electronic medical record.