Estimating the Number of Incorrect Tuberculosis Diagnoses in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

This study estimates the scale of incorrect tuberculosis diagnoses in low- and middle-income countries, where diagnostic limitations and resource constraints may lead to both over- and under-diagnosis. Using modeling approaches and available surveillance data, the authors quantify the potential magnitude of misdiagnosis and assess its implications for patient outcomes and tuberculosis control strategies. The findings highlight substantial diagnostic uncertainty and underscore the need for improved diagnostic tools and strengthened health systems to enhance the accuracy of tuberculosis care.