Inclusion of antimicrobial resistance in a pandemic agreement: why it matters and what comes next?

This review examines the implications of including antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the newly adopted global pandemic agreement. AMR, described as a “constant pandemic,” already causes more deaths than malaria and HIV in many low- and middle-income countries. The study identifies key barriers to implementation—such as inequity, weak governance, and insufficient financing—and finds that these challenges currently outweigh enabling factors. It concludes that strengthening governance, promoting equity, and ensuring fair access to health resources are essential to effectively integrate AMR into pandemic preparedness efforts.