Primary Health Care–Oriented Reforms: An Analysis of Health System Shifts and Political Economy Dynamics Across Nine Countries

This article analyzes primary health care–oriented reforms across nine countries, focusing on the political economy dynamics that shape health system transformation. The authors examine how governance structures, institutional incentives, financing arrangements, and political leadership influence the adoption and sustainability of primary health care reforms. The study identifies common barriers and enabling conditions for strengthening health systems and advancing universal health coverage through primary care–centered approaches.