Trends in US Preterm Birth Rates by Household Income and Race and Ethnicity

This observational study examines trends in preterm birth rates in the United States from 2011 to 2021 by household income and race/ethnicity. The authors analyze how socioeconomic status intersects with racial and ethnic disparities in preterm birth outcomes. Findings show persistent and widening inequities, with lower-income households and historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups experiencing disproportionately high rates of preterm birth. The study highlights the importance of addressing structural inequities and social determinants of health in maternal and infant health policy.