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Microeconomics of Competitiveness Financial Services Cluster in Lima - Final Report. Laura Alfaro, May 6, 2016, Paper. "Since gaining independence from the Spanish Empire in 1824, Peru has had a long history of dictatorships and military coups. Only in the 1980s did the country achieve a peacefully elected democracy. Since that time, in spite of pressure from fringe, armed political groups like the “Shining Path”, the country has managed thirty-six years (and counting) of stable democracy. The country today exists as a constitutional republic with a unicameral legislature, and there are roughly eight active political parties at the national stage1 (parties coalesce and diverge as coalitions form and break apart from vote to vote)." Link