A Framework for Considering the Value of Race and Ethnicity in Estimating Disease Risk

2024, Paper: "Statistical models are used to estimate individual risk for many of the most prevalent and deadly diseases faced by Americans. These risk estimates are often used to identify individuals who would benefit from interventions such as screening or prophylactic treatment—such as pharmacotherapy or lifestyle changes—that would allow individuals to better manage their health and slow or halt the progression of their condition. However, screening and treatment come with potential harms and costs. Consequently, the medical community typically targets such interventions at those with a predicted risk of developing the disease above a certain threshold. These thresholds are typically set at the level of risk above which the expected benefits exceed the expected harms and costs, i.e., above the “point of indifference".."