France’s Changing Nuclear Posture: Implications for European Security

Due to logistical challenges associated with the Boston Marathon, we have decided to transition the program to a fully virtual format to ensure a seamless experience for all participants.

On March 2, 2026, French President Emmanuel Macron delivered a major speech on nuclear deterrence, outlining a new framework for its contribution to European defense: “forward deterrence.” Based on increased coordination with several European countries, this approach seeks to address what some experts describe as a deterrence gap in Europe, resulting from the persistent threat posed by Russia and growing doubts about the credibility of U.S. extended deterrence. France’s evolving nuclear posture also includes the modernization and expansion of its arsenal, as well as a greater emphasis on nuclear-conventional integration. In this talk, Héloïse Fayet will briefly review the history of the French nuclear deterrent, analyze the implications of the speech, and discuss possible future pathways for France and Europe in the nuclear domain.